Presidential Decree No. 83/2018 oversees marine debris management and originates from the Government of Indonesia’s initial target of reducing marine plastic waste by up to 70% by 2025. Comprehensive and integrated actions are needed to achieve this goal. The National Action Plan for Sea Waste Management for 2018–2025 aims to reduce the amount of waste, particularly plastic waste, in the ocean. The plan’s strategy consists of a national movement to increase awareness; encourage land- and sea-based waste management; reinforce funding, institutional, monitoring, and legal mechanisms; and promote research and development (Article 2). The institutional arrangement of the plan is described in Articles 3 to 9.
Indonesia has several laws and regulations on waste management:
Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18/2008 Regarding Waste Management defines waste management as waste reduction and handling (Article 19), including by reducing, recycling, and reusing waste (Article 20). Waste can be separated, collected, transported, and processed (Article 22).
Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management focuses on hazardous waste management, which covers waste reduction, storage, collection, transportation, utilisation, and treatment (Article 1) (Damanhuri, 2017). Discharging waste into the environment is allowed following standards and as permitted by the Minister (Article 20), while dumping without a permit is restricted (Article 60). Importation of waste or hazardous waste is strictly prohibited (Article 69).
Government Regulation No. 81/2012 on Household and Household-like Waste Management focuses on technical management of municipal solid waste, using the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) principle (Damanhuri, 2017). Reducing the use of plastic bags is specifically mentioned (Article 11).
Regulation of the Minister of Public Works of Indonesia Number 03/PRT/M/2013 on Implementation of Infrastructure and Facilities in Handling Household Waste and Other Types of Household Waste calls for an integrated waste management plant (tempat pengolahan sampah terpadu) for dumping, sorting, recycling, processing, and final processing of waste (Article 1[16]), including plastic (Article 15[5]).
Presidential Decree No. 97/2017 on the National Policy and Strategy on Household and Household-like Waste Management focuses on the reduction and handling of household and household-like waste (Article 3). The decree cites national policies and national, provincial, district, and municipal strategies.
Presidential Decree No. 58/2017 regarding Amendments to Presidential Decree No. 3/2016 on the Acceleration of the Implementation of the National Strategic Project includes waste-to-energy projects in Jakarta, Tangerang, Bandung, Semarang, Surakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, and Makassar in national strategic projects (Annex).
Presidential Decree No. 35/2018 on the Acceleration of the Development of Waste-to-Energy Installations with Environmental-based Technology aims to create upstream-to-downstream integrated waste management to enhance public health and environmental quality, while drastically reducing the amount of waste through conversion of waste into energy (Article 2). Besides the eight regions mentioned in the previous presidential decree on waste-to-energy installations, this decree adds South Tangerang, Bekasi, Palembang, Manado (Article 3).
Damanhuri, E. (2017), Country Chapter State of the 3Rs in Asia and the Pacific: Republic of Indonesia. http://www.uncrd.or.jp/content/documents/5689[Nov%202017]%20Indonesia.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2013), Implementation of Infrastructure and Facilities in Handling Households Waste and Other Type of Household Waste (Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Republic of Indonesia Number 03/PRT/M/2013). http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/ins137639.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2008), Law Number 18 Year 2008 Regarding Waste Management. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/84427/93862/F1909905714/IDN84427.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2009), Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/ins97643.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2012), Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 81 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Rumah Tangga. [Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 81 Year 2012 on Household Waste and Household-like Waste Management]. https://kppip.go.id/download/peraturan/pp/148.-Peraturan-Pemerintah-Nomor-81-Tahun-2012-tentang-Pengelolaan-Sampah-Rumah-Tangga-dan-Sampah-Sejenis-Sampah-Rumah-Tangga_2.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2017), Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 97 Tahun 2017 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga. [Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 81 Year 2012 on Policy and National Strategy of Household Waste and Household-like Waste Management]. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/63709/Perpres%20Nomor%2097%20Tahun%202017.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2017), Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 58 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Percepatan Pelaksanaan Proyek Strategis Nasional. [Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 58 Year 2017 Regarding Amendments to Presidential Decree Number 3 Year 2016 on the Acceleration of the Implementation of National Strategic Project]. https://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175250/Peraturan%20Presiden%20Nomor%2058%20Tahun%202017.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2018), Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 83 Tahun 2018 tentang Penanganan Sampah Laut. [Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 83 Year 2018 on Marine Debris Management]. https://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175608/Perpres%20Nomor%2083%20Tahun%202018.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2018), Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2018 tentang Percepatan Pembangunan Instalasi Pengolah Sampah menjadi Energi Listrik Berbasis Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan. [Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 Year 2018 on the Acceleration of the Development of Waste to Energy Installation with Environmental-based Technology]. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/64446/Perpres%20Nomor%2035%20Tahun%202018.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Presidential Decree No. 83/2018 oversees marine debris management and originates from the Government of Indonesia’s initial target of reducing marine plastic waste by up to 70% by 2025. Comprehensive and integrated actions are needed to achieve this goal. The National Action Plan for Sea Waste Management for 2018–2025 aims to reduce the amount of waste, particularly plastic waste, in the ocean. The plan’s strategy consists of a national movement to increase awareness; encourage land- and sea-based waste management; reinforce funding, institutional, monitoring, and legal mechanisms; and promote research and development (Article 2). The institutional arrangement of the plan is described in Articles 3 to 9.
Indonesia has several laws and regulations on waste management:
Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 18/2008 Regarding Waste Management defines waste management as waste reduction and handling (Article 19), including by reducing, recycling, and reusing waste (Article 20). Waste can be separated, collected, transported, and processed (Article 22).
Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management focuses on hazardous waste management, which covers waste reduction, storage, collection, transportation, utilisation, and treatment (Article 1) (Damanhuri, 2017). Discharging waste into the environment is allowed following standards and as permitted by the Minister (Article 20), while dumping without a permit is restricted (Article 60). Importation of waste or hazardous waste is strictly prohibited (Article 69).
Government Regulation No. 81/2012 on Household and Household-like Waste Management focuses on technical management of municipal solid waste, using the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) principle (Damanhuri, 2017). Reducing the use of plastic bags is specifically mentioned (Article 11).
Regulation of the Minister of Public Works of Indonesia Number 03/PRT/M/2013 on Implementation of Infrastructure and Facilities in Handling Household Waste and Other Types of Household Waste calls for an integrated waste management plant (tempat pengolahan sampah terpadu) for dumping, sorting, recycling, processing, and final processing of waste (Article 1[16]), including plastic (Article 15[5]).
Presidential Decree No. 97/2017 on the National Policy and Strategy on Household and Household-like Waste Management focuses on the reduction and handling of household and household-like waste (Article 3). The decree cites national policies and national, provincial, district, and municipal strategies.
Presidential Decree No. 58/2017 regarding Amendments to Presidential Decree No. 3/2016 on the Acceleration of the Implementation of the National Strategic Project includes waste-to-energy projects in Jakarta, Tangerang, Bandung, Semarang, Surakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, and Makassar in national strategic projects (Annex).
Presidential Decree No. 35/2018 on the Acceleration of the Development of Waste-to-Energy Installations with Environmental-based Technology aims to create upstream-to-downstream integrated waste management to enhance public health and environmental quality, while drastically reducing the amount of waste through conversion of waste into energy (Article 2). Besides the eight regions mentioned in the previous presidential decree on waste-to-energy installations, this decree adds South Tangerang, Bekasi, Palembang, Manado (Article 3).
Damanhuri, E. (2017), Country Chapter State of the 3Rs in Asia and the Pacific: Republic of Indonesia. http://www.uncrd.or.jp/content/documents/5689[Nov%202017]%20Indonesia.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2013), Implementation of Infrastructure and Facilities in Handling Households Waste and Other Type of Household Waste (Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Republic of Indonesia Number 03/PRT/M/2013). http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/ins137639.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2008), Law Number 18 Year 2008 Regarding Waste Management. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/84427/93862/F1909905714/IDN84427.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2009), Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/ins97643.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2012), Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 81 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Rumah Tangga. [Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 81 Year 2012 on Household Waste and Household-like Waste Management]. https://kppip.go.id/download/peraturan/pp/148.-Peraturan-Pemerintah-Nomor-81-Tahun-2012-tentang-Pengelolaan-Sampah-Rumah-Tangga-dan-Sampah-Sejenis-Sampah-Rumah-Tangga_2.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2017), Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 97 Tahun 2017 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga. [Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 81 Year 2012 on Policy and National Strategy of Household Waste and Household-like Waste Management]. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/63709/Perpres%20Nomor%2097%20Tahun%202017.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2017), Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 58 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Presiden Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Percepatan Pelaksanaan Proyek Strategis Nasional. [Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 58 Year 2017 Regarding Amendments to Presidential Decree Number 3 Year 2016 on the Acceleration of the Implementation of National Strategic Project]. https://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175250/Peraturan%20Presiden%20Nomor%2058%20Tahun%202017.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2018), Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 83 Tahun 2018 tentang Penanganan Sampah Laut. [Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 83 Year 2018 on Marine Debris Management]. https://sipuu.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/175608/Perpres%20Nomor%2083%20Tahun%202018.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
Government of Indonesia (2018), Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2018 tentang Percepatan Pembangunan Instalasi Pengolah Sampah menjadi Energi Listrik Berbasis Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan. [Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 Year 2018 on the Acceleration of the Development of Waste to Energy Installation with Environmental-based Technology]. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/64446/Perpres%20Nomor%2035%20Tahun%202018.pdf (accessed 23 October 2019).
