In 2009, Viet Nam adopted the National Strategy on Integrated Solid Waste Management (up to 2025 with a Vision to 2050). Its main objective is to collect, reuse, recycle, and manage waste using progressive technology and to minimize the use of landfills by 2050. Table below summarizes the strategy’s targets
Table 1. Targets of the National Strategy on Integrated Solid Waste Management to 2025, with a Vision to 2050
Objective | By 2020 | By 2025 |
|---|---|---|
Collection rate of household waste | 90% | 100% |
Recycling rate of household waste | 85% | 90% |
Collection rate of construction and demolition waste in urban areas | 80% | 90% |
Recycling rate of construction and demolition waste in urban areas | 30% | 60% |
Reduction rate of plastic bag use in supermarkets | 65% | 85% |
Implementation rate of waste separation and recycling facilities at the municipal level | 80% | 100% |
Collection rate of non-hazardous industrial waste | 90% | 100% |
Reuse and recycling rate of non-hazardous industrial waste | 75% | 100% |
Collection rate of solid waste from households in rural areas | 70% | 90% |
Collection rate of solid waste from craft villages | 80% | 100% |
Source: Government of Viet Nam (2009).
In the case of marine plastic pollution, the Government of Viet Nam in 2020 launched the National Action Plan for Management of Marine Plastic Litter by 2030. The plan’s objectives are divided into two main periods (Table 2).
Table 2. Objectives of the National Action Plan on Marine Plastic Debris Management through 2030
Objective | By 2025 | By 2030 |
|---|---|---|
Plastic waste reduction in the sea and the ocean | 50% | 75% |
Collection of lost or discarded fishing gear | 80% | 100% |
Removal of single-use plastic products in coastal tourist destinations, accommodations, and services | 80% | 100% |
Removal of plastic waste in marine protected areas | 80% | 100% |
Coverage expansion of annual monitoring and periodical monitoring of marine plastic debris | Conducted in 5 main rivers | Conducted in 11 main rivers |
The objectives above are broken down into three major solutions (Table 3).
Table 3. Solutions of the National Action Plan’s Objectives
Solutions | Tasks | Parties in charge |
|---|---|---|
Education and behavioural change |
|
|
Collection, separation, storage, transportation, and management of plastic waste from sea-based activities |
|
|
Plastic waste control from source |
|
|
International cooperation in research, application, development, and technology transfer of marine plastic debris treatment |
|
|
Consistent and effective investigation and development of marine plastic litter management system |
|
In 2020, the Government of Viet Nam launched the National Action Plan on Sustainable Consumption and Production (2021–2030). Table 4 shows the objectives of the action plan related to waste or plastic waste management.
Table 4. Objectives of the National Action Plan on Sustainable Consumption and Production (2021–2030)
2021–2025 | By 2030 |
|---|---|
Develop legal policy for sustainable consumption and production | Enforce the implementation of sustainable consumption and production policies |
5%–8% reduction of used materials and resources for production process | 7%–10% reduction of used materials and resources for production process |
70% of industrial parks, clusters, and trade villages encourage awareness raising on sustainable consumption and production | 100% of industrial parks, clusters, and trade villages encourage awareness raising on sustainable consumption and production |
80% of provinces and cities promote sustainable lifestyle and consumption | 100% of provinces and cities promote sustainable lifestyle and consumption |
85% of supermarkets and commercial centres promote the distribution and the use of eco-friendly packaging | 100% of supermarkets and commercial centres use eco-friendly packaging |
Aside from the goals that have been set, the Government of Viet Nam lists some priority actions, including developing ecological, sustainable, reuse-oriented, and recycle-oriented design; producing eco-friendly products; promoting ecolabelling and certification of ecolabels; and enhancing the circular economy for waste.
Government of Viet Nam (2009), Decision on Approving the National Strategy of Integrated Solid Waste Management up to 2025, Vision towards 2050. http://www.uncrd.or.jp/content/documents/PM%20Decision%20of%20Approval%20of%20NSISWM%20(Eng).pdf (accessed 3 October 2019).
Government of Viet Nam (2020), National Action Plan for Management of Marine Plastic Litter by 2030. https://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/Quyet%20dinh%20rac%20thai%20nhua.pdf (accessed 10 May 2021).
Government of Viet Nam (2020). National Action Plan on Sustainable Consumption and Production (2021–2030). https://www.oneplanetnetwork.org/sites/default/files/national_action_plan_on_scp_vietnam_pdf_pdf.pdf (accessed 2 June 2021).
In 2009, Viet Nam adopted the National Strategy on Integrated Solid Waste Management (up to 2025 with a Vision to 2050). Its main objective is to collect, reuse, recycle, and manage waste using progressive technology and to minimize the use of landfills by 2050. Table below summarizes the strategy’s targets
Table 1. Targets of the National Strategy on Integrated Solid Waste Management to 2025, with a Vision to 2050
Objective | By 2020 | By 2025 |
|---|---|---|
Collection rate of household waste | 90% | 100% |
Recycling rate of household waste | 85% | 90% |
Collection rate of construction and demolition waste in urban areas | 80% | 90% |
Recycling rate of construction and demolition waste in urban areas | 30% | 60% |
Reduction rate of plastic bag use in supermarkets | 65% | 85% |
Implementation rate of waste separation and recycling facilities at the municipal level | 80% | 100% |
Collection rate of non-hazardous industrial waste | 90% | 100% |
Reuse and recycling rate of non-hazardous industrial waste | 75% | 100% |
Collection rate of solid waste from households in rural areas | 70% | 90% |
Collection rate of solid waste from craft villages | 80% | 100% |
Source: Government of Viet Nam (2009).
In the case of marine plastic pollution, the Government of Viet Nam in 2020 launched the National Action Plan for Management of Marine Plastic Litter by 2030. The plan’s objectives are divided into two main periods (Table 2).
Table 2. Objectives of the National Action Plan on Marine Plastic Debris Management through 2030
Objective | By 2025 | By 2030 |
|---|---|---|
Plastic waste reduction in the sea and the ocean | 50% | 75% |
Collection of lost or discarded fishing gear | 80% | 100% |
Removal of single-use plastic products in coastal tourist destinations, accommodations, and services | 80% | 100% |
Removal of plastic waste in marine protected areas | 80% | 100% |
Coverage expansion of annual monitoring and periodical monitoring of marine plastic debris | Conducted in 5 main rivers | Conducted in 11 main rivers |
The objectives above are broken down into three major solutions (Table 3).
Table 3. Solutions of the National Action Plan’s Objectives
Solutions | Tasks | Parties in charge |
|---|---|---|
Education and behavioural change |
|
|
Collection, separation, storage, transportation, and management of plastic waste from sea-based activities |
|
|
Plastic waste control from source |
|
|
International cooperation in research, application, development, and technology transfer of marine plastic debris treatment |
|
|
Consistent and effective investigation and development of marine plastic litter management system |
|
In 2020, the Government of Viet Nam launched the National Action Plan on Sustainable Consumption and Production (2021–2030). Table 4 shows the objectives of the action plan related to waste or plastic waste management.
Table 4. Objectives of the National Action Plan on Sustainable Consumption and Production (2021–2030)
2021–2025 | By 2030 |
|---|---|
Develop legal policy for sustainable consumption and production | Enforce the implementation of sustainable consumption and production policies |
5%–8% reduction of used materials and resources for production process | 7%–10% reduction of used materials and resources for production process |
70% of industrial parks, clusters, and trade villages encourage awareness raising on sustainable consumption and production | 100% of industrial parks, clusters, and trade villages encourage awareness raising on sustainable consumption and production |
80% of provinces and cities promote sustainable lifestyle and consumption | 100% of provinces and cities promote sustainable lifestyle and consumption |
85% of supermarkets and commercial centres promote the distribution and the use of eco-friendly packaging | 100% of supermarkets and commercial centres use eco-friendly packaging |
Aside from the goals that have been set, the Government of Viet Nam lists some priority actions, including developing ecological, sustainable, reuse-oriented, and recycle-oriented design; producing eco-friendly products; promoting ecolabelling and certification of ecolabels; and enhancing the circular economy for waste.
Government of Viet Nam (2009), Decision on Approving the National Strategy of Integrated Solid Waste Management up to 2025, Vision towards 2050. http://www.uncrd.or.jp/content/documents/PM%20Decision%20of%20Approval%20of%20NSISWM%20(Eng).pdf (accessed 3 October 2019).
Government of Viet Nam (2020), National Action Plan for Management of Marine Plastic Litter by 2030. https://www.vn.undp.org/content/dam/vietnam/docs/Publications/Quyet%20dinh%20rac%20thai%20nhua.pdf (accessed 10 May 2021).
Government of Viet Nam (2020). National Action Plan on Sustainable Consumption and Production (2021–2030). https://www.oneplanetnetwork.org/sites/default/files/national_action_plan_on_scp_vietnam_pdf_pdf.pdf (accessed 2 June 2021).
